Framework Level Concepts

🏗 Selenium Automation Framework Concepts in Python

Automation frameworks provide structure, scalability, reusability, and maintainability to Selenium projects. Professional automation is not about writing scripts — it is about building frameworks.

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📦 Page Object Model (POM)

POM is a design pattern where each web page is represented as a class and each element is defined as a variable.

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.username = (By.ID, "user")
        self.password = (By.ID, "pass")
        self.login_btn = (By.ID, "login")

    def login(self, u, p):
        self.driver.find_element(*self.username).send_keys(u)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.password).send_keys(p)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.login_btn).click()

Benefits: Reusability, maintainability, clean structure, scalability

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📊 Data Driven Framework

Test data is separated from test scripts and stored in external files.

Data Sources:

• Excel
• CSV
• JSON
• Database

import pandas as pd

data = pd.read_excel("data.xlsx")
for i in data.index:
    username = data['username'][i]
    password = data['password'][i]

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🧠 Keyword Driven Framework

Actions are driven by keywords instead of code logic.

Example Keywords:

• OPEN_BROWSER
• CLICK
• ENTER_TEXT
• VERIFY_TEXT

IF keyword == "CLICK":
    click(element)

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🔀 Hybrid Framework

Combination of POM + Data Driven + Keyword Driven framework.

Hybrid Framework = Structure + Data + Keywords + Reports + Logs + CI/CD

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🗂 Project Folder Structure

project/
│
├── tests/
├── pages/
├── utils/
├── data/
├── config/
├── logs/
├── reports/
├── screenshots/
└── main.py

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⚙ Config File Handling

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read("config.ini")

url = config.get("app", "url")
browser = config.get("app", "browser")

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📝 Logging in Selenium

import logging

logging.basicConfig(
    filename="logs/test.log",
    level=logging.INFO,
    format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
)

logging.info("Test Started")

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📄 Report Generation

Common reporting tools:

• Allure Reports
• HTMLTestRunner
• PyTest HTML Reports

pytest --html=report.html

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📸 Screenshot Capture on Failure

driver.save_screenshot("screenshots/failure.png")

Use Case: Automatically capture screenshots when test fails.

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🎯 Best Practices:

• Always use POM
• Separate test logic and test data
• Implement logging
• Generate reports
• Use hybrid framework for enterprise projects
• Maintain clean folder structure

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🎯 Conclusion:

Framework design is what makes Selenium automation professional and enterprise-ready. POM + Hybrid Framework + Logging + Reporting + CI/CD = Industry-standard automation architecture.