Selenium Browser Operation

🌐 Selenium Browser Operations in Python

Browser operations are the basic commands used to control the browser using Selenium. These operations are the foundation of every Selenium automation script.

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🚀 Launch Browser

To start automation, we must first launch a browser using WebDriver.

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

Other Browsers:

• Firefox → webdriver.Firefox()
• Edge → webdriver.Edge()

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🌍 Open URL

Use get() method to open a website.

driver.get("https://www.google.com")

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🖥 Maximize Window

Maximizing the browser ensures all elements are visible properly.

driver.maximize_window()

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🔄 Refresh Page

Refresh reloads the current web page.

driver.refresh()

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↩ Navigate Back & Forward

Selenium provides navigation commands to move between pages.

driver.back()
driver.forward()

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❌ Close vs Quit Browser

close()	quit()
Closes current browser window	Closes all browser windows
Session may remain active	Ends WebDriver session completely
Used for single window	Used for complete cleanup

driver.close()   # closes current window
driver.quit()    # closes all windows and ends session

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🎯 Best Practices:

• Always maximize window at start
• Always use quit() at end of execution
• Handle browser navigation carefully
• Use waits before navigation

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🎯 Conclusion:

Browser operations are the first step in Selenium automation. Understanding these commands is essential before moving to element interaction, waits, and advanced automation.